Curriculum Dynamics and Existence of PAI: Challenges and Synergy Opportunities in Strengthening Student Character

Authors

  • Marwal Blantara Susetyo Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
  • Agus Fakhruddin Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
  • Helmy Abdullah Helmy Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
  • Mifta Ghina Dzakiya Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
  • Muhammad Fahri Ali Husaeni Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54437/urwatulwutsqo.v15i01.2809

Keywords:

Islamic Religious Education; National Curriculum; Critical Content Analysis

Abstract

Islamic Religious Education (IRE) within the national education system faces structural challenges that are both technical-curricular and ideological-pedagogical. This study analyzes the dynamics of IRE's existence and formulates a synergistic model to strengthen student character development through a Literature Review of 13 selected articles using a Critical Content Analysis lens. Findings reveal that technical challenges include limited instructional time and overlapping values across subjects. Meanwhile, more fundamental ideological challenges stem from the epistemological dichotomy between religious and general sciences and the dominance of transmissive teaching ("banking education"). Consequently, this study proposes the Theme-Based Reciprocal Synergy Model. This model positions IRE and general subjects in a dialogical relationship through cross-subject thematic integration, pedagogical collaboration (team teaching), and holistic character assessment via portfolios. Theoretically, it strengthens the paradigm of knowledge integration, while practically providing an applicable operational framework for character education within the national curriculum by considering teacher administration policy reforms.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdullah, A. (2006). Islamic Studies Perguruan Tinggi Pendekatan Integratif-Interkonektif. Pustaka Pelajar.

Al-Fatih, S., & Aditya, Z. F. (2021). Peran Negara dalam Pemenuhan Hak Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan Masyarakat Adat (Peran Negara dalam Pemenuhan Hak Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan pada Masyarakat Adat). Prosiding 1st Konferensi Nasional 2020, 1–22.

All, Muh. A. A. H., Dwiayu, N., Suhaeb, F. W., & Idrus, I. I. (2025). Penguatan Pendidikan Moderasi Beragama: Strategi Membangun Generasi Muda yang Toleran dan Inklusif di Era Disrupsi Digital. J-CEKI: Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah, 4(4), 670–680.

Apple, M. (2018). Ideology and Curriculum. Routledge.

Azizah, M., Budiyono, A., Rozaq, A., & Hakim, A. R. (2025). Transforming Classroom Management as the Key to Increasing Student Learning Interest. Urwatul Wutsqo: Jurnal Studi Kependidikan Dan Keislaman, 14(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.54437/urwatulwutsqo.v14i1.2050

Azizah, M., Hasan, M. S., Budiyono, A., & Sirojuddin, A. (2024). Pelatihan Metode Pembelajaran Aktif, Inovatif dan Menyenangkan untuk Guru MI Bahrul Ulum Nataan Gedong Boyountung Lamongan. An Naf’ah: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.54437/annafah.v2i1.1500

B. Miles, M., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. Sage publications.

Faisal, M., Za, T., Siswanto, R., Hayati, & Darojat, J. (2021). The Integration of KKNI, SNPT, and The Integration Interconnection Paradigm in Curriculum Development At PTKI. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 9(2), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v9i2.528

Fikri, Abdul. (2024). Governance of Diversity: Eksplorasi Nalar Pikir Yusuf Qardhawi dan Nurcholis Madjid Tentang Pengelolaan Keragaman dan Kontribusi Mereka Terhadap Pendidikan Islam Berwawasan Multikultural. Diss. Universitas Islam Indonesia, 8(2), 1–9.

Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of the Oppressed (30th Anniversary Edition).

Hasan, M. S. (2024). Integration of Islamic Moderation Values in Islamic Education Curriculum as an Effort to Prevent Radicalism Early on. At-Thullab: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.

Hasan, M. S., & Mutakim, M. (2019). Manajemen Kurikulum 2013 Pada Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam MTs At-Taufiq Bogem Diwek Jombang. Al-Idaroh: Jurnal Studi Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 3(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.54437/alidaroh.v3i2.104

Hasan, M. S., & Sintasari, B. (2025). Pengembangan Kurikulum PAI Berbasis Kurikulum Merdeka. Academia Publication.

Henik, U. (2024). Upaya Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Menuju Era Society 5.0 Melalui Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila. Tafhim Al-’Ilmi, 16(01), 21–44. https://doi.org/10.37459/tafhim.v16i01.7702

Hidayat. (2025). Pentingnya Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Membentuk Karakter Anak. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Indonesia (JUPENDIA), 1(1), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v13i2.882

Isaac, A. M. (2025). Changing the Relation of Science and Religion through Integrated Islamic Curricula: A Theoretical Position on Faith-Based Science Education. Austral Comunicacion, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.26422//aucom.2025.1402.isa

Ismail, Moh. (2022). Negara dan Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia. KARATON: Jurnal Pembangunan Sumenep, 2, 86–94.

Mabunda, P. (2023). The challenges and problems of implementing the curriculum and assessment policy statements: School managers’ perspectives and experiences. Perspectives in Education, 41(4), 65–81. https://doi.org/10.38140/pie.v41i4.6702

Mahrus, M. (2021). Manajemen Kurikulum dan Pembelajaran dalam Sistem Pendidikan Nasional. JIEMAN: Journal of Islamic Educational Management, 3(1), 41–80. https://doi.org/10.35719/jieman.v3i1.59

Muhammad Saifuddin. (2020). Dualisme Sistem Pendidikan di Indonesia. At-Tarbawi: Jurnal Kajian Kependidikan Islam, 5(2), 13–30. https://doi.org/10.22515/attarbawi.v4i2.1927

Nurul Faratunnisa, A., syahrani, A., Afifah, N., & Pendidikan dan Keguruan, J. (2024). Kajian Makna Sistem dalam Fondasi Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia. Jurnal Saraweta, 2(2), 108–119.

Patria, B. (2023). Students are Happier in Madrasah: The Results of Bayesian Analysis on Indonesian National Survey Data. Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 6(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.25217/0020236406800

Rizka Bidayaratul, & Safitri. (2025). Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Kurikulum Merdeka Dengan Program Profil Pelajar Pancasila. Edusola : Journal Education, Sociology and Law, 11(1), 1–14.

Shaleh, Muh., Tobroni, Mundir, & Umiarso. (2024). Development of a Holistic-integrative Islamic Religious Education Curriculum in an Integrated Islamic School. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 2024(113), 227–241. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2024.113.13

Sugiyono. (2020). Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R & D. CV. Alfabeta.

Suwendi, Mesraini, Azka, F. L., & Gama, C. B. (2024). Implementation of Knowledge Integration in Islamic Higher Education. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 10(1), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v10i1.35385

Tapung, M. (2025). Evaluating the Key Success Factors of “Merdeka” Curriculum: Evidence from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 14(2), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v14n2p88

Umam, K., & Hasan, M. S. (2025). Increasing Student Resilience Through Integration of Islamic Values in PAI Learning. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education, 6(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v6i2.1673

Zed, M. (2014). Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.

Downloads

Published

2026-02-16

How to Cite

Susetyo, M. B., Fakhruddin, A., Helmy, H. A. ., Dzakiya , M. G., & Husaeni , M. F. A. . (2026). Curriculum Dynamics and Existence of PAI: Challenges and Synergy Opportunities in Strengthening Student Character. Urwatul Wutsqo: Jurnal Studi Kependidikan Dan Keislaman, 15(01), 161–176. https://doi.org/10.54437/urwatulwutsqo.v15i01.2809