INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI AKHLAK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PAI DI ERA ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE UNTUK MEMBENTUK ETIKA PESERTA DIDIK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54437/ilmuna.v8i2.3830Abstract
The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education presents both opportunities and challenges for shaping students’ ethical behavior. This study aims to analyze the internalization of moral values in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) as a foundation for developing students’ ethical behavior in the use of AI. Theoretically, this study contributes to the development of Islamic Religious Education and moral education scholarship in responding to technological advancement, while practically providing a foundation for developing AI-oriented ethical learning in PAI. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation and analyzed thematically through coding, categorization, theme identification, and interpretation. The findings indicate that the internalization of moral values occurs through several interconnected stages: value recognition, critical understanding, appreciation, habituation, and actualization. The values of ṣidq (honesty), amanah (trustworthiness), responsibility, tabayyun (verification), respect for others’ work, and self-control constitute important foundations for shaping students’ ethical behavior when using AI. The novelty of this study lies in proposing an akhlaq-based AI literacy perspective, integrating technological literacy with the internalization of Islamic moral values in PAI learning. This perspective positions AI not merely as a learning technology but also as a new context for character formation and ethical development among students.
Downloads
References
Akgun, S, and C Greenhow. “Artificial Intelligence in Education: Addressing Ethical Challenges in K-12 Settings.” AI and Ethics 2 (2022): 431–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-021-00096-7.
Almatrafi, O, A Johri, and H Lee. “A Systematic Review of AI Literacy Conceptualization, Constructs, and Implementation and Assessment Efforts (2019-2023).” Computers and Education: Open 6 (2024): 100173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100173.
Alwi, Said, Syukran, and Mutia Sari. “Internalization of Character Education Values in Arabic Language Learning at Islamic Boarding School in Indonesia.” Al-Ta’rib: Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab 12, no. 1 (2024).
Bin-Nashwan, S A, M Sadallah, and M Bouteraa. “Use of ChatGPT in Academia: Academic Integrity Hangs in the Balance.” Technology in Society 75 (2023): 102370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102370.
Braun, Virginia, and Victoria Clarke. “One Size Fits All? What Counts as Quality Practice in (Reflexive) Thematic Analysis?” Qualitative Research in Psychology 18, no. 3 (2021): 328–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2020.1769238.
Črček, N, and J Patekar. “Writing with AI: University Students’ Use of ChatGPT.” Journal of Language and Education, 2023. https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2023.17379.
Dumitrica, Delia, and Paulina Jarmula. “Learning Approaches as Bricolage: Student Reflections on Fluidity and Tensions in Learning Practices.” Teaching Sociology, 2022.
Gouseti, Anastasia, Fiona James, Lee Fallin, and Kevin Burden. “The Ethics of Using AI in K-12 Education: A Systematic Literature Review.” Technology, Pedagogy and Education 34, no. 2 (2025): 161–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2024.2428601.
Hanifaa, U, and As’ad. “Artificial Intelligence in Islamic Education to Develop Students’ Critical Thinking.” Indonesian Journal of Innovation Studies 26, no. 4 (2025). https://doi.org/10.21070/ijins.v26i4.1610.
Hasanah, N Z, S D Sutra, Istiqomah, M H Dewantara, and S Boulahnane. “The Role of Islamic Education in Teaching Moral Values to Students.” MUDARRISA 14, no. 1 (2022): 33–47. https://doi.org/10.18326/mdr.v14i1.33-47.
Kumar. “Guiding the Future: Developing an Ethical Framework for Generative AI Use in Education.” International Journal of Information and Learning Technology 43, no. 1 (2026): 26–44. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJILT-06-2024-0113.
Lintner, T. “A Systematic Review of AI Literacy Scales.” Npj Science of Learning 9 (2024): 50. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-024-00264-4.
Maksudin. “Uncovering the Moral Nexus, Morality, Akhlaq, and Character in Islamic Religious Education: A Comprehensive Conceptual Analysis.” Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 20, no. 1 (2023): 119–31. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpai.v20i1.7028.
Miao, F, and W Holmes. “Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research.” UNESCO, 2023. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-research.
Mouta, A, A M Pinto-Llorente, and E M Torrecilla-Sánchez. “Uncovering Blind Spots in Education Ethics: Insights from a Systematic Literature Review on Artificial Intelligence in Education.” International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 34 (2024): 1166–1205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-023-00384-9.
Navarrete-Cazales, Zaira, Juan Crescenciano Cruz-Victoria, and Héctor M Manzanilla-Granados. “Autoría e Integridad Académica Ante La Inteligencia Artificial Generativa En Educación Superior.” Revista Educación Superior y Sociedad 37, no. 2 (2026). https://doi.org/10.54674/ess.v37i2.1174.
“Navigating the Ethical Terrain of AI in Education: A Systematic Review on Framing Responsible Human-Centered AI Practices.” Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence 7 (2024): 100306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100306.
Rahman, M R N, and N K Afandi. “Islamic Education Students’ Perceptions: A Phenomenological Study on the Ethical of Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Learning.” J-PAI: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 11, no. 1 (2024). https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/jpai/article/view/27932.
Salim, M A, and F Habibi. “AI ChatGPT Based Islamic Religious Education to Enhance Students’ Critical Thinking and Moral Reasoning.” ISLAMIKA 7, no. 4 (2025): 716–29. https://doi.org/10.36088/islamika.v7i4.5915.
Sarbini, S, S Suhendi, P Santora, F Nurhayati, D Rosulina, Q H Muttaqien, and H Astuti. “Internalisasi Akhlak Islam Melalui Pendekatan Psikologi Dalam Pembelajaran.” Attadrib: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 8, no. 3 (2026). https://doi.org/10.54069/attadrib.v8i3.1034.
Tagare, D, T Karki, and W Yu. “K-12 Teachers’ Ethical Competencies for AI Literacy: Insights from a Systematic Literature Review.” Computers & Education, 2025.
Trisnantari, H E, P M Mutohar, M R A Abdul Jabbar, and R A Ismail. “Internalizing Religious Values through Habituation: Strengthening Students’ Character in the Digital Era.” Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education 10, no. 2 (2026). https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v10i2.284.
Wasehudin, Aslihah, R Sirojudin, and Yuttana. “Artificial Intelligence’s Impact on the Development of Islamic Religious Education Learning at a Public Junior High School of Cilegon, Indonesia.” Hanifiya: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama 7, no. 2 (2024). https://doi.org/10.15575/hanifiya.v7i2.37787.
Yusuf, Abdullahi, Nasrin Pervin, Marcos Román-González, and Norah Md Noor. “Generative AI in Education and Research: A Systematic Mapping Review.” Review of Education 12, no. 2 (2024): e3489. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3489.
Yusuf, F, and F M Abbas. “Islamophobia in Indonesia’s Digital Space: A Critical Analysis of Its Implications for Da’wah Practices and Contemporary Communication Strategies.” Lentera Peradaban: Journal on Islamic Studies 2, no. 1 (2026): 19–28. https://doi.org/10.61166/lpi.v2i1.38.
Zhang, Kun, and Haoxian Wu. “Synchronous Online Learning During COVID-19: Chinese University EFL Students’ Perspectives.” SAGE Open, 2022.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2026-10-20 (2)
- 2026-10-20 (1)


