FROM COMPASSION TO DIVERSITY: STRENGTHENING TEACHERS’ MULTICULTURAL COMPETENCE FOR INCLUSIVE EDUCATIONIN IN A MULTI-RELIGIOUS AREA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54437/ilmuna.v8i2.3706Abstract
Abstract : This article aims to describe the strengthening and application of multicultural competence among Religious Education teachers in Lumajang Regency as a means to curb radicalism and foster tolerance within the school environment. A qualitative research design employing a case study approach was used to explore the phenomenon in depth across the teachers' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. Data were gathered through fieldwork—including interviews, observations of instructional interactions, and documentation of activities—involving teachers belonging to the Religious Education Subject Teacher Forum (MGMP) in Pasrujambe District, Lumajang Regency. Qualitative data analysis was conducted interactively, encompassing data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing based on a synthesis of social learning theory, operant conditioning, and perspective-taking. The findings indicate that multicultural competence is integrated across three spheres: the cognitive dimension, where teachers cultivate critical understanding and universal interfaith values without imposing doctrine, thereby fostering a sense of compassion among the school community; the affective aspect, fostered through the habituation of greetings and teachers modeling inclusive behavior; and the psychomotor sphere, where multicultural values are manifested through concrete actions, such as showing mutual respect for major religious observances (Eid al-Fitr, Nyepi, and Galungan) and respecting differences in social organizations.
Keywords: Multicultural Competence, Religious Education Teachers, Tolerance, Learning Environment
Downloads
References
Abellán, Miguel. “Catholics, Protestants and Muslims: Similar work ethics, different social and political ethics.” Journal of Comparative Economics 51, no. 3 (2023): 778–815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2023.02.004.
Arifin, Zainul, Winda Utami, Berly Wijayanti, dan Alvin Dian Pramuja. “Ministry Of Religious Affairs’ Innovative Strategy In Building Lumajang District As A Model Of Religious Moderation.” Journal of Research and Thought on Islamic Education (JRTIE) 7, no. 2 (2024): 122–39. https://doi.org/10.24260/jrtie.v7i2.3207.
Barnes-Holmes, Yvonne, Louise McHugh, dan Dermot Barnes-Holmes. “Perspective-Taking and Theory of Mind: A Relational Frame Account.” The Behavior Analyst Today 5, no. 1 (2004): 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0100133.
Bazen, Alexus, Frances K. Barg, dan Junko Takeshita. “Research Techniques Made Simple: An Introduction to Qualitative Research.” Journal of Investigative Dermatology 141, no. 2 (2021): 241-247.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2020.11.029.
Boland, Louise, Dorian Campbell, Monika Fazekas, dkk. “An experimental investigation of the effects of perspective-taking on emotional discomfort, cognitive fusion and self-compassion.” Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science 20 (April 2021): 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.02.004.
Buenconsejo, Jet Uy. “Empowering Southeast Asian Students Through Positive Youth Development: A Pathway to Equitable, Inclusive, and Sustainable Education.” Dalam Handbook of Asian Educational Innovation towards the Futures of Education, XI. Springer, Singapore, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-3901-4_97-1.
Klavdija Zorec. “Continuity, collaboration, and culture: toward co-creating sustainable assistive technology ecosystems for inclusive higher education: International Journal of Inclusive Education: Vol 0, No 0 - Get Access.” International Journal of Inclusive Education. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2026.2712437.
Lam, Ho Cheong. “Teachers’ understanding of cultural diversity: phenomenography of ethnically diverse children in Hong Kong.” Multicultural Education Review 14, no. 1 (2022): 28–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/2005615X.2022.2040143.
Llorent, Vicente J., Mariano Núñez-Flores, dan Markus Kaakinen. “Inclusive education by teachers to the development of the social and emotional competencies of their students in secondary education.” Learning and Instruction 91 (Juni 2024): 101892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.101892.
Mazya, Thita M. “Religious and Cultural Diversity in Indonesia: Dynamics of Acceptance and Conflict in a Multidimensional Perspective.” International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 07, no. 07 (2024). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/V7-i7-32.
Mustofa, Ali. “PELAKSANAAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU PAI DALAM PENINGKATAN EFEKTIVITAS BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DI SMAN 3 JOMBANG.” Ilmuna: Jurnal Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam 1, no. 1 (2019): 40–57.
Oliver Rudolf Herber. “Theory in qualitative research: a qualitative study of research experts’.” springer, BMC Medical Research Methodology | Springer Nature Link. Diakses 26 Mei 2026. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12874-025-02752-6.
Robinson, Oliver C., dan Deborah Bailey-Rodriguez. “Deductive qualitative research: an integrative approach to designing studies.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 23, no. 2 (2026): 369–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2025.2604773.
Rozaq, Moh Fatkhur, Saeful Anam, dan Nashrullah. “ANALISIS DATA PENELITIAN KUALITATIF.” Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Dan Humaniora 5, no. 2 (2026): 1566–77.
Sari, Zola Permata, Riska Sarofah, dan Yusuf Fadli. “The Implementation of Inclusive Education in Indonesia: Challenges and Achievements.” Journal Public Policy 8, no. 4 (2022): 264–69. https://doi.org/10.35308/jpp.v8i4.5420.
Schlinger, Henry D. “The impact of B. F. Skinner’s science of operant learning on early childhood research, theory, treatment, and care.” Early Child Development and Care 191, no. 7–8 (2021): 1089–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2020.1855155.
Schunk, Dale H., dan Maria K. DiBenedetto. “Albert Bandura’s legacy in education.” Theory Into Practice 62, no. 3 (2023): 205–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2023.2226560.
Sharma, Dr Neeraj Kumar. “Instruments Used in the Collection of Data in Research.” SSRN Scholarly Paper No. 4138751. Social Science Research Network, 1 Mei 2022. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4138751.
Tenny, Steven, Janelle M. Brannan, dan Grace D. Brannan. “Qualitative Study.” Dalam StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, 2026. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470395/.
Thijs, Jochem, Minke Krijnen, Lian van Vemde, Lisette Hornstra, Tim Mainhard, dan Bjorn Wansink. “The diversity teaching beliefs scale: Addressing cultural diversity, communalities between cultures, and the national culture in the classroom.” Teaching and Teacher Education 153 (Januari 2025): 104846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104846.
Widyhastuti, Karsono, dan Septi Yulisetiani. “Challenges in Emerging an Inclusive Learning Environment: A Case Study in an Elementary School.” Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar 8, no. 4 (2024): 772–83. https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v8i4.88936.
Zarkasyi, Ahmad. “Epistemology and Strategy of Multicultural Islamic Education.” Syaikhuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pranata Islam 12, no. 2 (2021): 114–22. https://doi.org/10.36835/syaikhuna.v12i2.5116.
