Pola Asuh Ibu dan Kepemimpinan Spiritual Ayah dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam Anak: Studi Etnografi pada Keluarga Jama'ah Tabligh di Masjid Jami Kebon Jeruk, Jakarta Barat

Abstract

This study examines how mothers practice Islamic religious education (PAI) for children in Tablighi Jamaat families and how fathers exercise spiritual leadership, including when fathers undertake khurūj fī sabīlillāh (missionary journeys). Using a qualitative ethnographic approach, data were collected from 48 subjects across 10 core families and two community figures around Masjid Jami Kebon Jeruk, West Jakarta, through in-depth interviews, eight weeks of participant observation (March–May 2026), and documentation, analyzed through the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña interactive model and strengthened by source and technique triangulation. The instrument was expert-validated with a score of 94.24 (Very Good). Findings show that maternal parenting operates through four integrated dimensions: consistent habituation of mahdhah worship, instilling of creed through exemplification and religious narrative, character formation through persuasive counsel and compassion-based discipline, and supervision grounded in muraqabah ilahiyyah. Mothers understand the family as the first madrasah (madrasah ūlā), and spiritual communication with children functions as an everyday habitus expressed through post-prayer dialogue, storytelling, shared prayer, and habituated Islamic manners. Fathers enact transformative spiritual leadership as imam, murabbi, uswah hasanah, and mujahid. The most original finding is that khurūj, rather than weakening religious parenting, catalyzes family spiritual resilience: mothers become more autonomous spiritual leaders, children accelerate in religious maturity, and the mosque-based community ecosystem sustains the family throughout the father's absence.